In early January 2013, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) imposed fines amounting in total to RMB 352.8 million (USD 56.7 million) on six foreign manufacturers of liquid crystal display panels (LCD) for price-fixing between 2001 and 2006.  These LCD manufacturers are Samsung and LG from South Korea, and Chimei, AU Optronics, Chunghwa Picture Tubes and HannStar from Taiwan.  This is China’s first enforcement action against foreign companies for price-fixing, and the amount of the sanctions set a record for cartel violations in China.