问:honorable judge jiang,
your personal website has impressed me. i downloaded many materials for my
further research. currently i am studying in the george washington univ. law
school for ll.m.(intellectual property program). before coming to
washington,d. c., i had two-year experience in china's trademark office and one-year
practice in china electronics import & export company.
1. i have a question about the protection on unregistered well-known american
trademarks. in my opinion, the courts or aics (administration for industry
and commerce) shall protect such trademarks under the relevant laws and
treaties.
art. 6(2) of paris convention shields unregistered well-known trademark.
also, memorandum of understanding between the government of the us and china
on the protection of intellectual property (sino-us ipr agreement) in 1996
provides the unregistered well-known trademarks the same protection as the
registered trademarks against trademark infringement.
according to china's general principles of the civil code, the bilateral or
multilateral treaties constitute part of china's national law and thus in the
practice of the chinese courts, some cases have been decided based on such
treaties. in 1995, the beijing intermediate court directly relied on the
sino-us ipr agreement when deciding the case of walt disney production v.
beijing publisher and co.
therefore, the courts or the aics shall protected the well-known american
trademarks, even if they have not been registered in china.
maybe it is just the conclusion in theory. i would like to find the relevant
cases which decisions have protected the unregistered foreign trademarks.
where can i find them?
2. in the practice the core problem is whether the well-known trademarks are
recognized as well-known trademarks, i think. in case of litigation, can the
courts have the power to hold whether the trademark is within the scope of
the well-know trademark? during the administrative enforcement, only the
trademark office has the power. however, no foreign trademarks are
recognized as well-known trademarks until now.
thank you. i am look forward to discussing ip issues with someone of your
expertise in the near future.
sincerely yours,
ran ruixue
dear sir,
thank you for your mail and i am thinking your question. i wonder if we could talk in chinese and it would be better.
regards,
judge jiang
dear judge jiang,
this evening i got the software,chinese star and rewrote the letter.
enclosed please find the letter.
thank you for your time.
sincerely yours,
ran ruixue
尊敬的蒋法官:
因为这学期有三篇论文,中国专利法的修改,驰名商标的保护以及isp版权侵权责任的中美比较,我在网上找材料,偶然发现了您的网页。我如获至宝,几乎全部下载了您的论文并且利用春假已基本看完。您很多观点与我心有戚戚焉,如商标权系私权,应重民事救济等。但有些我尚不熟悉,如网络传输权,真希望我马上能有机会听到您的讲解。
我一直对于未注册的驰名商标的保护很有兴趣,有几个问题烦请您指点。
1. 若中国企业在相同商品使用未在中国注册的某美商所有的驰名商标,该驰名商标所有人以商标侵权为由诉至法院,我国法院能否保护其商标专用权?
《巴黎公约》第六条之二对未注册的驰名商标的保护提供了法律依据。1996年《中美知识产权协议》也规定在商标侵权救济方面未注册的驰名商标应得到与注册商标相同的保护。而根据我国的《民法通则》,除非我国作出保留,如国内法无明文规定者得适用国际条约。1995年北京市中院在迪斯尼一案的裁决中就曾直接适用《中美知识产权协议》。
因此,从理论上来看,我以为法院理应保护该驰名商标所有人的商标专用权。但是,我没找到有关的案例,不知道司法实践是否如此。
2. 实务中,我以为关键问题也许是该驰名商标能否在我国被认定为驰名商标。驰名商标的有关条例规定唯有商标局有权认定驰名商标。但是法院是否受该条例约束?是否有法院根据个案认定驰名商标?
3. 刑法第213条对商标侵权构成刑事犯罪的有具体规定,但是如果是未注册驰名商标被侵权的情形,那么刑法213条是否适用?我以为不能适用,尽管《巴黎公约》和《中美知识产权协议》保护未注册商标。毕竟,刑法有一基本原则是罪刑法定原则。刑法213条仅就注册商标作出了规定。
谢谢。
冉瑞雪
2001年3月19日
答:瑞雪同学,来信收到,首先祝你学习取得成功。我用中文答复你,可能更能谈的透彻。
现在我来试着回答你的问题,有的你还要再查查资料,我现在不去查为了节省时间,及时答复你,有问题还可以再讨论。
在我的法律意识里,国际上商标权的保护具有地域性,并以在受保护地注册登记为先决条件。因而,最基本的商标的保护是要在所要保护的国家注册。否则,国际间出了那麽多的商标强注干吗。驰名商标也是商标的一种,应当在理念上说,还是先要“file”。世界上不都像美国,一般都是先注册原则,与美国的先使用原则有区别。国际条约肯定的也是注册原则。如中国,国家商标局就有规定驰名商标应当是注册商标。在中国国外企业打赢的几起官司,都是注册商标。对驰名商标的保护,我的网站上有一篇介绍在网络上保护驰名商标的文章,你可找来参考。在我意识中,驰名要与一定市场和消费者相联系,如果在一个市场中,消费者都不知道该牌子,尽管它在另一市场中闻名,也不能作为驰名商标保护。所以,从理论上讲,在美国非常驰名的,也可能在中国没市场,消费者也不知道它,如果它又不注册,硬要该市场以驰名商标保护,岂不是强人所难。反之也一样。在中国驰名的商标,同样在美国更多情况下,是得不到驰名商标的保护的。
从另一方面分析,那些尚未在中国注册的国际驰名商标,根据巴黎公约,其保护可能体现在这两个方面:一是商标权人来中国注册时,应当保障其权利、不得歧视,对已经被抢注的,应当进行审查,可以依法撤消抢注的商标,对那个国际驰名商标予以注册。二是对于符合中国法律的驰名商标,可以扩大到不同类别商品或服务中去保护。不受商品或服务类别的限制。
如你所说的那样的不注册的“驰名商标”的保护,恐怕不够准确。望你再查一查巴黎公约与中美协定。还可讨论。但我可以告诉你,司法实践中,中国法院保护驰名商标,但还没有收集到所谓不注册的“驰名商标”受保护的情况。
第二个问题,中国法院在审判案件中,可以认定原告所持的商标权为驰名商标而予以保护。我的网站上,有个“宜家”的网络商标权与域名纠纷案,法院就判决认定“宜家”为驰名商标。该案例在英文、中文案例分析中都能找到。
第三个问题,你作了解答,是对的,我就不做赘述。
仅供参考。
祝好!
蒋法官
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